100 Keyboard Shortcuts

{ Posted on 3:09 AM by Khalique General Knowledge }

Keyboard Shorcuts (Microsoft Windows)

  1. CTRL+C (Copy)
  2. CTRL+X (Cut)
  3. CTRL+V (Paste)
  4. CTRL+Z (Undo)
  5. DELETE (Delete)
  6. SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
  7. CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
  8. CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
  9. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
  10. CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
  11. CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
  12. CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
  13. CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
  14. CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
    SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
  15. CTRL+A (Select all)
  16. F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
  17. ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
  18. ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
  19. ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
  20. ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
  21. CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
  22. ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
  23. ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
  24. F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
  25. F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
  26. SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
  27. ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
  28. CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
  29. ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu) Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
  30. F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
  31. RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
  32. LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
  33. F5 key (Update the active window)
  34. BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
  35. ESC (Cancel the current task)
  36. SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)
Dialog Box Keyboard Shortcuts
  1. CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
  2. CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
  3. TAB (Move forward through the options)
  4. SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
  5. ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
  6. ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
  7. SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
  8. Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
  9. F1 key (Display Help)
  10. F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
  11. BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)

Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts

  1. Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
  2. Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
  3. Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
  4. Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
  5. Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows)
  6. Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
  7. Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
  8. CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
  9. Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
  10. Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
  11. Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
  12. Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
  13. Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
  14. Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
  15. Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
  16. Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
  17. SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
  18. NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
  19. Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)
  20. Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
  21. END (Display the bottom of the active window)
  22. HOME (Display the top of the active window)
  23. NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
  24. NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)
  25. NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)
  26. LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)
  27. RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)

Shortcut Keys for Character Map

After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts:
  1. RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line)
  2. LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line)
  3. UP ARROW (Move up one row)
  4. DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)
  5. PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)
  6. PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)
  7. HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)
  8. END (Move to the end of the line)
  9. CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)
  10. CTRL+END (Move to the last character)
  11. SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is selected)

Microsoft Management Console (MMC)

Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts

  1. CTRL+O (Open a saved console)
  2. CTRL+N (Open a new console)
  3. CTRL+S (Save the open console)
  4. CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
  5. CTRL+W (Open a new window)
  6. F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
  7. ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)
  8. ALT+F4 (Close the console)
  9. ALT+A (Display the Action menu)
  10. ALT+V (Display the View menu)
  11. ALT+F (Display the File menu)
  12. ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)

MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts

  1. CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
  2. ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window)
  3. SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
  4. F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
  5. F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
  6. CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
  7. CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
  8. ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)
  9. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
  10. CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)

Remote Desktop Connection Navigation

  1. CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)
  2. ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
  3. ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
  4. ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
  5. ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
  6. CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
  7. ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
  8. CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
  9. CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)

Microsoft Internet Explorer Navigation

  1. CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
  2. CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
  3. CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
  4. CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
  5. CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
  6. CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
  7. CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
  8. CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L)
  9. CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
  10. CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
  11. CTRL+W (Close the current window)

10 things about death

{ Posted on 3:09 AM by Khalique General Knowledge }
1. When a person dies, hearing is the last sense to go -- the first is usually sight, followed by taste, smell and touch.

2. A human head remains conscious for about 15 to 20 seconds after it has been decapitated.

3. 100 people choke to death on pens each year. One is more likely to be killed by a champagne cork than by a spider.

4. Alexanders funeral would have cost $600 million today. A road from Egypt to Babylon was built to carry his body.

5. When inventor Thomas Edison died in 1931, his friend Henry Ford captured his last dying breath in a bottle.

6. Over 2500 left-handed people are killed each year from using products made for right-handed people.

7. It takes longer than ever before a body to decompose due to preservatives in the food that we eat these days.

8. An eternal flame lamp at the tomb of a Buddhist priest in Nara, Japan has kept burning for 1,130 years.

9. Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry is the first person to have his ashes put aboard a rocket and buried in space.

10. Japanese factory worker Kenji Urada became the first know fatality caused by a robot in July, 1981, in a car plant.

3 weird facts about Microsoft Windows

{ Posted on 3:06 AM by Khalique General Knowledge }

1. Nobody can create a folder named "Con".

Try to create anywhere on your hard disk a folder called "Con" (without the quotes). Go to a location on your hard disk, right click, choose "New" and then select "Folder" from the menu that appears. Name the folder "Con" (without quotes) and hit Enter. You?ll see that the folder won?t be named "Con". It will be "New folder"

2. A text file made with Notepad, with the following content : "Bush hid the facts" (without quotes) won?t display the actual text.

Go to Start -> Programs -> Accessories -> Notepad . Write in Notepad the following text : "Bush hid the facts" (without quotes) then Save the file and exit Notepad. Now go to the text file you created and open it. You?ll see that the text you just wrote and save won?t show.

3. Write in Word this : "=rand(200,99)" (without the quotes) and witness the magic.

Open Microsoft Word and on the first line write : "=rand(200,99)" (without the quotes) and hit Enter key. See the magic.

{ Posted on 3:06 AM by Khalique General Knowledge }

50 Things To Do, To Stop Global Warming

{ Posted on 3:06 AM by Khalique General Knowledge }

Global warming is a dramatically urgent and serious problem. We don need to wait for governments to find a solution for this problem: each individual can bring an important help adopting a more responsible lifestyle: starting from little, everyday things. Its the only reasonable way to save our planet, before it is too late. Here is a list of 50 simple things that everyone can do in order to fight against and reduce the Global Warming phenomenon: some of these ideas are at no cost, some other require a little effort or investment but can help you save a lot of money, in the middle-long term!

How to stop Global Warming?

50 Tips to Stop Global Warming

  1. Replace a regular incandescent light bulb with a compact fluorescent light bulb (CFL) - CFLs use 60% less energy than a regular bulb. This simple switch will save about 300 pounds of carbon dioxide a year.
  2. Install a programmable thermostat - Programmable thermostats will automatically lower the heat or air conditioning at night and raise them again in the morning. They can save you $100 a year on your energy bill.
  3. Move your thermostat down 2° in winter and up 2° in summer - Almost half of the energy we use in our homes goes to heating and cooling. You could save about 2,000 pounds of carbon dioxide a year with this simple adjustment. The American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy has more tips for saving energy on heating and cooling.
  4. Clean or replace filters on your furnace and air conditioner - Cleaning a dirty air filter can save 350 pounds of carbon dioxide a year.
  5. Choose energy efficient appliances when making new purchases - Look for the Energy Star label on new appliances to choose the most efficient models available.
  6. Do not leave appliances on standby - Use the "on/off" function on the machine itself. A TV set thats switched on for 3 hours a day (the average time Europeans spend watching TV) and in standby mode during the remaining 21 hours uses about 40% of its energy in standby mode.
  7. Wrap your water heater in an insulation blanket - You?ll save 1,000 pounds of carbon dioxide a year with this simple action. You can save another 550 pounds per year by setting the thermostat no higher than 50°C.
  8. Move your fridge and freezer - Placing them next to the cooker or boiler consumes much more energy than if they were standing on their own. For example, if you put them in a hot cellar room where the room temperature is 30-35ºC, energy use is almost double and causes an extra 160kg of CO2 emissions for fridges per year and 320kg for freezers.
  9. Defrost old fridges and freezers regularly - Even better is to replace them with newer models, which all have automatic defrost cycles and are generally up to two times more energy-efficient than their predecessors.
  10. Dont let heat escape from your house over a long period - When airing your house, open the windows for only a few minutes. If you leave a small opening all day long, the energy needed to keep it warm inside during six cold months (10ºC or less outside temperature) would result in almost 1 ton of CO2 emissions.
  11. Replace your old single-glazed windows with double-glazing - This requires a bit of upfront investment, but will halve the energy lost through windows and pay off in the long term. If you go for the best the market has to offer (wooden-framed double-glazed units with low-emission glass and filled with argon gas), you can even save more than 70% of the energy lost.
  12. Get a home energy audit - Many utilities offer free home energy audits to find where your home is poorly insulated or energy inefficient. You can save up to 30% off your energy bill and 1,000 pounds of carbon dioxide a year. Energy Star can help you find an energy specialist.
  13. Cover your pots while cooking - Doing so can save a lot of the energy needed for preparing the dish. Even better are pressure cookers and steamers: they can save around 70%!
  14. Use the washing machine or dishwasher only when they are full - If you need to use it when it is half full, then use the half-load or economy setting. There is also no need to set the temperatures high. Nowadays detergents are so efficient that they get your clothes and dishes clean at low temperatures.
  15. Take a shower instead of a bath - A shower takes up to four times less energy than a bath. To maximise the energy saving, avoid power showers and use low-flow showerheads, which are cheap and provide the same comfort.
  16. Use less hot water - It takes a lot of energy to heat water. You can use less hot water by installing a low flow showerhead (350 pounds of carbon dioxide saved per year) and washing your clothes in cold or warm water (500 pounds saved per year) instead of hot.
  17. Use a clothesline instead of a dryer whenever possible - You can save 700 pounds of carbon dioxide when you air dry your clothes for 6 months out of the year.
  18. Insulate and weatherize your home - Properly insulating your walls and ceilings can save 25% of your home heating bill and 2,000 pounds of carbon dioxide a year. Caulking and weather-stripping can save another 1,700 pounds per year. Energy Efficient has more information on how to better insulate your home.
  19. Be sure you?re recycling at home - You can save 2,400 pounds of carbon dioxide a year by recycling half of the waste your household generates.
  20. Recycle your organic waste - Around 3% of the greenhouse gas emissions through the methane is released by decomposing bio-degradable waste. By recycling organic waste or composting it if you have a garden, you can help eliminate this problem! Just make sure that you compost it properly, so it decomposes with sufficient oxygen, otherwise your compost will cause methane emissions and smell foul.
  21. Buy intelligently - One bottle of 1.5l requires less energy and produces less waste than three bottles of 0.5l. As well, buy recycled paper products: it takes less 70 to 90% less energy to make recycled paper and it prevents the loss of forests worldwide.
  22. Choose products that come with little packaging and buy refills when you can. You will also cut down on waste production and energy use!
  23. Reuse your shopping bag - When shopping, it saves energy and waste to use a reusable bag instead of accepting a disposable one in each shop. Waste not only discharges CO2 and methane into the atmosphere, it can also pollute the air, groundwater and soil.
  24. Reduce waste - Most products we buy cause greenhouse gas emissions in one or another way, e.g. during production and distribution. By taking your lunch in a reusable lunch box instead of a disposable one, you save the energy needed to produce new lunch boxes.
  25. Plant a tree - A single tree will absorb one ton of carbon dioxide over its lifetime. Shade provided by trees can also reduce your air conditioning bill by 10 to 15%. The Arbor Day Foundation has information on planting and provides trees you can plant with membership.
  26. Switch to green power - In many areas, you can switch to energy generated by clean, renewable sources such as wind and solar. The Green Power Network is a good place to start to figure out what?s available in your area.
  27. Buy locally grown and produced foods - The average meal in the United States travels 1,200 miles from the farm to your plate. Buying locally will save fuel and keep money in your community.
  28. Buy fresh foods instead of frozen - Frozen food uses 10 times more energy to produce.
  29. Seek out and support local farmers markets - They reduce the amount of energy required to grow and transport the food to you by one fifth. You can find a farmer?s market in your area at the USDA website.
  30. Buy organic foods as much as possible - Organic soils capture and store carbon dioxide at much higher levels than soils from conventional farms. If we grew all of our corn and soybeans organically, we?d remove 580 billion pounds of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere!
  31. Do not eat meat - Methane is the second most significant greenhouse gas and cows are one of the greatest methane emitters. Their grassy diet and multiple stomachs cause them to produce methane, which they exhale with every breath.
  32. Reduce the number of miles you drive by walking, biking, carpooling or taking mass transit wherever possible - Avoiding just 10 miles of driving every week would eliminate about 500 pounds of carbon dioxide emissions a year! Look for transit options in your area.
  33. Start a carpool with your coworkers or classmates - Sharing a ride with someone just 2 days a week will reduce your carbon dioxide emissions by 1,590 pounds a year. ERideShare.com runs a free national service connecting commuters and travelers.
  34. Dont leave an empty roof rack on your car - This can increase fuel consumption and CO2 emissions by up to 10% due to wind resistance and the extra weight - removing it is a better idea.
  35. Keep your car tuned up - Regular maintenance helps improve fuel efficiency and reduces emissions. When just 1% of car owners properly maintain their cars, nearly a billion pounds of carbon dioxide are kept out of the atmosphere.
  36. Drive carefully and do not waste fuel - You can reduce CO2 emissions by readjusting your driving style. Choose proper gears, do not abuse the gas pedal, use the engine brake instead of the pedal brake when possible and turn off your engine when your vehicle is motionless for more than one minute. By readjusting your driving style you can save money on both fuel and car mantainance.
  37. Check your tires weekly to make sure they?re properly inflated - Proper inflation can improve gas mileage by more than 3%. Since every gallon of gasoline saved keeps 20 pounds of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, every increase in fuel efficiency makes a difference!
  38. When it is time for a new car, choose a more fuel efficient vehicle - You can save 3,000 pounds of carbon dioxide every year if your new car gets only 3 miles per gallon more than your current one. You can get up to 60 miles per gallon with a hybrid! You can find information on fuel efficiency on Fuel Economy and on Green Cars websites.
  39. Try car sharing - Need a car but don?t want to buy one? Community car sharing organizations provide access to a car and your membership fee covers gas, maintenance and insurance. Many companies ? such as Flex car - offer low emission or hybrid cars too!
  40. Try telecommuting from home - Telecommuting can help you drastically reduce the number of miles you drive every week. For more information, check out the Telework Coalition.
  41. Fly less - Air travel produces large amounts of emissions so reducing how much you fly by even one or two trips a year can reduce your emissions significantly. You can also offset your air travel by investing in renewable energy projects.
  42. Encourage your school or business to reduce emissions - You can extend your positive influence on global warming well beyond your home by actively encouraging other to take action.
  43. Join the virtual march - The Stop Global Warming Virtual March is a non-political effort to bring people concerned about global warming together in one place. Add your voice to the hundreds of thousands of other people urging action on this issue.
  44. Encourage the switch to renewable energy - Successfully combating global warming requires a national transition to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and biomass. These technologies are ready to be deployed more widely but there are regulatory barriers impeding them. Take action to break down those barriers with Vote Solar.
  45. Protect and conserve forest worldwide - Forests play a critial role in global warming: they store carbon. When forests are burned or cut down, their stored carbon is release into the atmosphere - deforestation now accounts for about 20% of carbon dioxide emissions each year. Conservation International has more information on global warming and forests.
  46. Consider the impact of your investments - If you invest your money, you should consider the impact that your investments and savings will have on global warming. Check out Social Invest and Ceres to can learn more about how to ensure your money is being invested in companies, products and projects that address issues related to climate change.
  47. Make your city cool - Cities and states around the country have taken action to stop global warming by passing innovative transportation and energy saving legislation. 194 cities nationwide representing over 40 million people have made this pledge as part of the U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement. Find out how to make your city a cool city.
  48. Tell Congress to act - The McCain Lieberman Climate Stewardship and Innovation Act would set a firm limit on carbon dioxide emissions and then use free market incentives to lower costs, promote efficiency and spur innovation. Tell your representative to support it.
  49. Make sure your voice is heard - Americans must have a stronger commitment from their government in order to stop global warming and implement solutions and such a commitment won?t come without a dramatic increase in citizen lobbying for new laws with teeth. Get the facts about U.S. politicians and candidates at Project Vote Smart and The League of Conservation Voters. Make sure your voice is heard by voting.
  50. Share this list - Send this page via e-mail to your friends! Spread this list worldwide and help people doing their part: the more people you will manage to enlighten, the greater YOUR help to save the planet will be (but please take action on first person too).

60 Amazing True Facts

{ Posted on 3:06 AM by Khalique General Knowledge }
  1. In the weightlessness of space a frozen pea will explode if it comes in contact with Pepsi.
  2. The increased electricity used by modern appliances is causing a shift in the Earths magnetic field. By the year 2327, the North Pole will be located in mid-Kansas, while the South Pole will be just off the coast of East Africa.
  3. The idea for "tribbles" in "Star Trek" came from gerbils, since some gerbils are actually born pregnant.
  4. Male rhesus monkeys often hang from tree branches by their amazing prehensile penises.
  5. Johnny Plessey batted .331 for the Cleveland Spiders in 1891, even though he spent the entire season batting with a rolled-up, lacquered copy of the Toledo Post-Dispatch.
  6. Smearing a small amount of dog feces on an insect bite will relieve the itching and swelling.
  7. The Boeing 747 is capable of flying upside-down if it werent for the fact that the wings would shear off when trying to roll it over.
  8. The trucking company Elvis Presley worked at as a young man was owned by Frank Sinatra.
  9. The only golf course on the island of Tonga has 15 holes, and theres no penalty if a monkey steals your golf ball.
  10. Legislation passed during WWI making it illegal to say "gesundheit" to a sneezer was never repealed.
  11. Manatees possess vocal chords which give them the ability to speak like humans, but dont do so because they have no ears with which to hear the sound.
  12. SCUBA divers cannot pass gas at depths of 33 feet or below.
  13. Catfish are the only animals that naturally have an ODD number of whiskers.
  14. Replying more than 100 times to the same piece of spam e-mail will overwhelm the senders system and interfere with their ability to send any more spam.
  15. Polar bears can eat as many as 86 penguins in a single sitting.
  16. The first McDonalds restaurant opened for business in 1952 in Edinburgh, Scotland, and featured the McHaggis sandwich.
  17. The Air Forces F-117 fighter uses aerodynamics discovered during research into how bumblebees fly.
  18. You can get blood from a stone, but only if contains at least 17 percent bauxite.
  19. Silly Putty was "discovered" as the residue left behind after the first latex condoms were produced. Its not widely publicized for obvious reasons.
  20. Approximately one-sixth of your life is spent on Wednesdays.
  21. The skin needed for elbow transplants must be taken from the scrotum of a cadaver.
  22. The sport of jai alai originated from a game played by Incan priests who held cats by their tails and swung at leather balls. The cats would instinctively grab at the ball with their claws, thus enabling players to catch them.
  23. A cats purr has the same romance-enhancing frequency as the voice of singer Barry White.
  24. The typewriter was invented by Hungarian immigrant Qwert Yuiop, who left his "signature" on the keyboard.
  25. The volume of water that the Giant Sequoia tree consumes in a 24-hour period contains enough suspended minerals to pave 17.3 feet of a 4-lane concrete freeway.
  26. King Henry VIII slept with a gigantic axe.
  27. Because printed materials are being replaced by CD-ROM, microfiche and the Internet, libraries that previously sank into their foundations under the weight of their books are now in danger of collapsing in extremely high winds.
  28. In 1843, a Parisian street mime got stuck in his imaginary box and consequently died of starvation.
  29. Touch-tone telephone keypads were originally planned to have buttons for Police and Fire Departments, but they were replaced with * and # when the project was cancelled in favor of developing the 911 system.
  30. Human saliva has a boiling point three times that of regular water.
  31. Calvin, of the "Calvin and Hobbes" comic strip, was patterned after President Calvin Coolidge, who had a pet tiger as a boy.
  32. Watching an hour-long soap opera burns more calories than watching a three-hour baseball game.
  33. Until 1978, Camel cigarettes contained minute particles of real camels.
  34. You can actually sharpen the blades on a pencil sharpener by wrapping your pencils in aluminum foil before inserting them.
  35. To human taste buds, Zima is virtually indistinguishable from zebra urine.
  36. Seven out of every ten hockey-playing Canadians will lose a tooth during a game. For Canadians who dont play hockey, that figure drops to five out of ten.
  37. A dogs naked behind leaves absolutely no bacteria when pressed against carpet.
  38. A team of University of Virginia researchers released a study promoting the practice of picking ones nose, claiming that the health benefits of keeping nasal passages free from infectious blockages far outweigh the negative social connotations.
  39. Among items left behind at Osama bin Laden39s headquarters in Afghanistan were 27 issues of Mad Magazine. Al Qaeda members have admitted that bin Laden is reportedly an avid reader.
  40. Urine from male cape water buffaloes is so flammable that some tribes use it for lantern fuel.
  41. At the first World Cup championship in Uruguay, 1930, the soccer balls were actually monkey skulls wrapped in paper and leather.
  42. Every Labrador retriever dreams about bananas.
  43. If you put a bee in a film canister for two hours, it will go blind and leave behind its weight in honey.
  44. Due to the angle at which the optic nerve enters the brain, staring at a blue surface during sex greatly increases the intensity of orgasms.
  45. Never hold your nose and cover your mouth when sneezing, as it can blow out your eyeballs.
  46. Centuries ago, purchasing real estate often required having one or more limbs amputated in order to prevent the purchaser from running away to avoid repayment of the loan. Hence an expensive purchase was said to cost "an arm and a leg."
  47. When Mahatma Gandhi died, an autopsy revealed five gold Krugerrands in his small intestine.
  48. Aardvarks are allergic to radishes, but only during summer months.
  49. Coca-Cola was the favored drink of Pharaoh Ramses. An inscription found in his tomb, when translated, was found to be almost identical to the recipe used today.
  50. If you part your hair on the right side, you were born to be carnivorous. If you part it on the left, your physical and psychological make-up is that of a vegetarian.
  51. When immersed in liquid, a dead sparrow will make a sound like a crying baby.
  52. In WWII the US military planned to airdrop over France propaganda in the form of Playboy magazine, with coded messages hidden in the models turn-ons and turn-offs. The plan was scrapped because of a staple shortage due to rationing of metal.
  53. Although difficult, its possible to start a fire by rapidly rubbing together two Cool Ranch Doritos.
  54. Napoleons favorite type of wood was knotty chestnut.
  55. The worlds smartest pig, owned by a mathematics teacher in Madison, WI, memorized the multiplication tables up to 12.
  56. Due to the natural "momentum" of the ocean, saltwater fish cannot swim backwards.
  57. In ancient Greece, children of wealthy families were dipped in olive oil at birth to keep them hairless throughout their lives.
  58. It is nearly three miles farther to fly from Amarillo, Texas to Louisville, Kentucky than it is to return from Louisville to Amarillo.
  59. The "nine lives" attributed to cats is probably due to their having nine primary whiskers.
  60. The original inspiration for Barbie dolls comes from dolls developed by German propagandists in the late 1930s to impress young girls with the ideal notions of Aryan features. The proportions for Barbie were actually based on those of Eva Braun.
  61. The Venezuelan brown bat can detect and dodge individual raindrops in mid-flight, arriving safely back at his cave completely dry.

7 Wonders of the World

{ Posted on 3:06 AM by Khalique General Knowledge }

The Taj Mahal (1630 A.D.) Agra, India
Symbol of Love & Passion!

Taj Mahal

This immense mausoleum was built on the orders of Shah Jahan, the fifth Muslim Mogul emperor, to honor the memory of his beloved late wife. Built out of white marble and standing in formally laid-out walled gardens, the Taj Mahal is regarded as the most perfect jewel of Muslim art in India. The emperor was consequently jailed and, it is said, could then only see the Taj Mahal out of his small cell window.

The Pyramid at (before 800 A.D.) Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
Symbol of Worship & Knowledge!

Pyramid at Chichén Itzá, Mexico

Chichén Itzá, the most famous Mayan temple city, served as the political and economic center of the Mayan civilization. Its various structures - the pyramid of Kukulkan, the Temple of Chac Mool, the Hall of the Thousand Pillars, and the Playing Field of the Prisoners ? can still be seen today and are demonstrative of an extraordinary commitment to architectural space and composition. The pyramid itself was the last, and arguably the greatest, of all Mayan temples.

Christ Redeemer (1931) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Symbol of Welcoming & Openness!

This statue of Jesus stands some 38 meters tall, atop the Corcovado mountain overlooking Rio de Janeiro. Designed by Brazilian Heitor da Silva Costa and created by French sculptor Paul Landowski, it is one of the world?s best-known monuments. The statue took five years to construct and was inaugurated on October 12, 1931. It has become a symbol of the city and of the warmth of the Brazilian people, who receive visitors with open arms.

The Great Wall of China (220 B.C and 1368 - 1644 A.D.) China
Symbol of Perseverance & Persistence!

Great Wall of China

The Great Wall of China was built to link existing fortifications into a united defense system and better keep invading Mongol tribes out of China. It is the largest man-made monument ever to have been built and it is disputed that it is the only one visible from space. Many thousands of people must have given their lives to build this colossal construction.

Machu Picchu (1460-1470), Peru
Symbol of Community & Dedication!

Machu Picchu

In the 15th century, the Incan Emperor Pachacútec built a city in the clouds on the mountain known as Machu Picchu ("old mountain"). This extraordinary settlement lies halfway up the Andes Plateau, deep in the Amazon jungle and above the Urubamba River. It was probably abandoned by the Incas because of a smallpox outbreak and, after the Spanish defeated the Incan Empire, the city remained &#39lost&#39 for over three centuries. It was rediscovered by Hiram Bingham in 1911.

Petra (9 B.C. - 40 A.D.), Jordan
Symbol of Engineering & Protection!

Petra, Jordan

On the edge of the Arabian Desert, Petra was the glittering capital of the Nabataean empire of King Aretas IV (9 B.C. to 40 A.D.). Masters of water technology, the Nabataeans provided their city with great tunnel constructions and water chambers. A theater, modelled on Greek-Roman prototypes, had space for an audience of 4,000. Today, the Palace Tombs of Petra, with the 42-meter-high Hellenistic temple facade on the El-Deir Monastery, are impressive examples of Middle Eastern culture.

The Roman Colosseum (70 - 82 A.D.) Rome, Italy
Symbol of Joy & Suffering!

Roman Colosseum, Italy

This great amphitheater in the centre of Rome was built to give favors to successful legionnaires and to celebrate the glory of the Roman Empire. Its design concept still stands to this very day, and virtually every modern sports stadium some 2,000 years later still bears the irresistible imprint of the Colosseum&#39s original design. Today, through films and history books, we are even more aware of the cruel fights and games that took place in this arena, all for the joy of the spectators.

Balance Sheet of Life

{ Posted on 3:00 AM by Khalique General Knowledge }
The Balance Sheet of Life
The Balance Sheet of Life
Our Birth is our Opening Balance!
Our Death is our Closing Balance!
Our Prejudiced Views are our Liabilities
Our Creative Ideas are our Assets
Heart is our Current Asset
Soul is our Fixed Asset
Brain is our Fixed Deposit
Thinking is our Current Account

Achievements are our Capital
Character & Morals, our Stock-in-Trade
Friends are our General Reserves
Values & Behaviour are our Goodwill

Patience is our Interest Earned
Love is our Dividend
Children are our Bonus Issues
Education is Brands / Patents

Knowledge is our Investment
Experience is our Premium Account
The Aim is to Tally the Balance Sheet Accurately.
The Goal is to get the Best Presented Accounts Award.
{ Posted on 3:00 AM by Khalique General Knowledge }
{ Posted on 3:00 AM by Khalique General Knowledge }

Abbreviated Titles of Some Well Known Figures

{ Posted on 3:00 AM by Khalique General Knowledge }
Original Name Also called
Abdul Ghaffar Khan Badshah Khan, Frontier Gandhi
Adolf Hitler Fuhrer or Fuehrer
Bal Gangadhar Tilak Lokmanya
Benito Mussolini II Duce
C. F. Andrews Deenabandhu
C. N. Annadurai Anna
C. Rajagopalachari Rajaji or ?CR?
C. R. Das Deshbandhu
Dadabhai Naoroji Grand Old Man of India
Duke of Wellington Iron Duke
Dwight David Eisenhower Ike
Earl of Warwick King Maker
Gen. Erwin Rommel Desert Fox
Florence Nightingale Lady with the Lamp
Francisco France El Caudillo
Geoffery Chaucer Father of English Poetry
Jawaharlal Nehru G.B.S.
Jayaprakash Narayan J. P., Loknayak
Joan of Arc Maid of Orleans
Lal Bahadur Shastri Man of Peace
Lala Lajpat Rai Sher-E-Punjab, Punjab Kesari
M.K. Gandhi Bapu, Mahatma, Father of the Nation
M.S. Golwalkar Guruji
Madan Mohan Malaviya Mahamana
Napoleon Bonaparte Little Corporal, Man of Destiny
Narinder Datta Swami Vivekanand
Field Marshal K. M. Cariappa Kipper
Otto von Bismarck Man of Blood and Iron, Iron Chancellor
Queen Elizabeth I Maiden Queen
Rabindranath Tagore Gurudev
Rajinder Singh (Maj. Gen.) Sparrow
Samuel Longhorn Clemens Mark Twain
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Man of Iron, Strong Man of India
Sarojini Naidu Nightingale of India
Sheikh Mohamma Abdullah Sher-E-Kashmir
Sheikh Mujibur Rehman Bangabandhu
Subhash Chandra Bose Netaji
Tenzing Norgay Tiger of Snows
T. Prakasam Andhra Kesari
Sir Walter Scott Wizard of the North
William Ewart Gladstone Grand Old Man of Britain
William Shakespeare Bard of Avon

Amazing Facts :)

{ Posted on 3:00 AM by Khalique General Knowledge }
1)Coca-Cola was originally green.


2)Every day more money is printed for Monopoly than the US Treasury.


Some Amazing Facts




3)Hawaiian alphabet has 12 letters.


4)Men can read smaller print than women; women can hear better.


5)City with the most Rolls Royce's per capita: Hong Kong


6)State with the highest percentage of people who walk to work: Alaska


7)Percentage of Africa that is wilderness: 28%


8)Percentage of North America that is wilderness: 38%


9)Barbie's measurements if she were life size: 39-23-33


10)Cost of raising a medium-size dog to the age of eleven: $6,400


11)Average number of people airborne over the US any given hour: 61,000.


12)Intelligent people have more zinc and copper in their hair.


13)The world's youngest parents were 8 and 9 and lived in China in 1910.


14)The youngest pope was 11 years old.


15)First novel ever written on a typewriter: Tom Sawyer.


16)The San Francisco Cable cars are the only mobile National Monuments.


17)Each king in a deck of playing cards represents a great king from history:

Amazing facts on nature

{ Posted on 3:00 AM by Khalique General Knowledge }
- Rats can't vomit. That's why rat poison works so well.

- A hippo can run faster than a man can.

- A jellyfish is 95% water.





- A blue whales heart only beats nine times per minute.

- Some ribbon worms will eat themselves if they can't find any food.

- Flies jump backwards when they take off
Some Frogs smell of onion, and the Firebellied

-Toad smells of Garlic.

-You cannot get warts from toads!

-Toads have no teeth.

-Frogs have teeth on their upper jaws but none on their lower.

-The Bull Frog is the largest True Frog in North America.it can weigh up to 1.2 lbs and grow up to 18 inches long.

-The African Giant is the largest of all frogs.It can grow to 26 inches long and weigh as much as 10 lbs

-It's possible to lead a cow upstairs ... but not downstairs.

-Carnivorous animals will not eat another animal that has been hit by a lightning strike.

-The average cat consumes about 127,750 calories a year, nearly 28 times its own weight in food and the same amount again in liquids.

-Cats cannot survive on a vegetarian diet.

-Pet parrots can eat virtually any common "people-food" except for chocolate and avocados.
Both of these are highly toxic to the parrot and can be fatal.

-Elephants too run(sorry walk) faster than humans.

- Dolphins seem to have personal names.

- A tiger's stripes are unique.

- Lions and cats sleep more than 16 hrs per day.

Basic General Knowledge

{ Posted on 12:02 AM by Khalique General Knowledge }
  1. How many languages and dialects are spoken by people all over the world?
    1. 6,000
    2. 9,000
    3. 4,000
    4. 1,000

  2. Approximately, how many people speak Chinese language?
    1. 1 billion
    2. 1 million
    3. 1 lakh
    4. 1 thousand

  3. The language with the richest vocabulary is:
    1. Hindi
    2. French
    3. English
    4. German

  4. English Language have more than ?? words:
    1. 4,50,000
    2. 45,000
    3. 4,500
    4. 450

  5. The oldest Indian language is:
    1. Telugu
    2. Hindu
    3. Tamil
    4. Punjabi

  6. Which book has been printed in the maximum number of languages and these scripts?
    1. The Bible
    2. Hiraka Sutra
    3. The Super Book
    4. None of these

  7. The only religious book ever printed in a shorthand scripts is:
    1. The Ramayana
    2. The Mahabharata
    3. The bible
    4. Guru Granth Sahib

  8. The oldest printed work in the world, which dates back to AD 868 is:
    1. The Bible
    2. The Hirake Sutra
    3. The Ramayana
    4. The Mahabharata

  9. The largest book, the super book, is ?? and weight is ??
    1. 270 cm, 300 cm, 252 kg.
    2. 100 cm, 110 cm, 100 kg.
    3. 200 cm, 100 cm, 60 kg.
    4. None of these

  10. Les Hommes de bonne volonté is the:
    1. Longest novel ever published
    2. Shortest novel every published
    3. The oldest novel
    4. None of these

  11. The author of the play/book ?Ratnawali? is:
    1. Tulsidas
    2. Kalidas
    3. Harsha Vardhan
    4. Prem Chand

  12. Which of the following in the book/play written by Maithili Sharan Gupt?
    1. Saket
    2. Satyartha Prakash
    3. Shakuntala
    4. Savitri

  13. The book ?Satyartha Prakash? was written by:
    1. Swami Dayanand
    2. Swami Vivekanand
    3. Sarojini Naidu
    4. Kalidas

  14. The play/book ?Shakuntala? was written by:
    1. Maithili Sharan gupt
    2. Swami Dayanand
    3. Kalidas
    4. Tulsidas

  15. Which of the following is the author of ?Song of India, The?:
    1. Firdausi
    2. Sarojini Naidu
    3. Lala Lajpat Rai
    4. Sri Aurobindo Ghosh

  16. The author of the book ?Time machine? is:
    1. Lewis Carroll
    2. Robert Louis Stevenson
    3. Charles Lamb
    4. H.G. Wells

  17. Which of the following book was written by Tulsidas:
    1. Vinay Patrika
    2. Ramcharitmanas
    3. Both (a) and (b)
    4. Yashodhara

  18. The book ?Vish Vriksha? was written by:
    1. Bankimchandra Chatterjee
    2. Annie Basant
    3. Tulsidas
    4. Kalidas

  19. The book ?We Indians? was written by:
    1. H.G. Wells
    2. Khushwant Singh
    3. James Jeans
    4. Thomas Moore

  20. Which of he following is he author of play/book ?Yashodhara?:
    1. Maithili Sharan Gupt
    2. Khushwant Singh
    3. Bankimchandra Chatterjee
    4. Sarojini Naidu

  21. Dhyan Chand was:
    1. A great hockey player
    2. Captained he Indian hockey team which won a gold medal in 1936 Berlin Olympics
    3. Scored 101 goals at the Olympic games and 300 goals in the international matches.
    4. All the statements are correct

  22. Who developed the small pox vaccination?
    1. Eduard Jenner
    2. Alexander Fleming
    3. Albert Einstein
    4. None of these

  23. Euclid was:
    1. Greek mathematician
    2. Contributor to the use of deductive principles of logic as the basis of geometry
    3. Propounded the geometrical theosems
    4. All the statements are correct

  24. Fa-hien was:
    1. The first Buddhist pilgrim of China to visit India during the reign of Chandragupta Vikramaditya
    2. The discover of Puerto Rico and Jamaica
    3. The first Buddhist pilgrim of India to visit China
    4. None of these

  25. Firdausi was:
    1. A person poet
    2. Well known for his epic ?Sharnama?
    3. Both are correct
    4. None of these

  26. Who is also known as the ?Lady with the Lamp??
    1. Florence Nightingale
    2. Sarojini Naidu
    3. Rani Laxmibai
    4. Bachendri Pal

  27. Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit was:
    1. A German Physicist
    2. Developed the mercury thermometer in 1714
    3. Devised temperature scale
    4. All are correct

  28. Galileo was an Italian astronomer who:
    1. Developed the telescope
    2. Discovered 4 satellites of Jupiter
    3. Discovered that the movement of the pendulum produces a regular time measurement.
    4. All are correct

  29. Who is known as the father of English poetry?
    1. Geoffrey Chaucer
    2. John Milton
    3. John Keats
    4. None of these

  30. The American General who led the revolt against the British & declared American independence was:
    1. George Washington
    2. Bill Clinton
    3. George Bush
    4. None of these

  31. Marco Polo
    1. Discovered Greenland
    2. Traveled three China, India and other parts of Asia
    3. Traveled round the cape of Good Hope
    4. Discovered Canada

  32. Who landed on the mainland of South America for the First time?
    1. Discovered Greenland
    2. Landed on the mainland of south America
    3. Discovered the sea route from Europe to India.
    4. None of these

  33. Who was first to sail sound the strait, reached the Philippines and named the Pacific Ocean?
    1. Ferdinand Magelion
    2. Jacques Carter
    3. William Janszoom
    4. Vasco da Gama

  34. Who discovered Australia?
    1. Eric the Red
    2. Leif Ericsson
    3. William Janszoom
    4. None of these

  35. Who located the magnetic pole?
    1. Sir James Clark
    2. Rear Admiral
    3. Sir John Ross
    4. All the above

  36. Who was first to reach the South Pole?
    1. Rear Admiral
    2. Capt. Amundsen
    3. Capt. R. E. Scett
    4. Sir Edmund Hillary

  37. Who was the first to cross the Antarctic?
    1. Sir Vivian Fuchs & sir Edmund Hillary
    2. Maj. Yuri Gagarin and Maj. Gherman Titor
    3. Capt. R. E. Scott
    4. All of these

  38. Who were the first to journey into space?
    1. Maj. Yori Gagarin and maj. Gherman Titor from Russia
    2. Comm. Grissom and Col john Glenn from America
    3. Both are correct
    4. None of these

  39. Who was the first man to ?Walk? in space?
    1. Col. Leonor from Russia
    2. Major White from America
    3. Both of these
    4. None of these

  40. Who were the first to circle the moon?
    1. Frank boreman, Bill Anders and Jim Lovell
    2. Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin
    3. Charles Conrad and Alan Bean
    4. None of these

  41. ?Arena? is the special name for playground of:
    1. Cricket
    2. Lawn Tennis
    3. Wrestling
    4. Skating

  42. The national sport of Canada is:
    1. Tennis and cricket
    2. Lacrosse
    3. Judo
    4. Rugby and Football

  43. Badminton is the national sport at:
    1. Malaysia
    2. Scotland
    3. China
    4. Former soviet Union

  44. Where is the Vallabhbhai Patel stadium located?
    1. Kolkata
    2. Mumbai
    3. Chennai
    4. Delhi

  45. Where is the sports stadium, Green Park, located?
    1. Kanpur
    2. Jamshedpur
    3. Cuttack
    4. Patiala

  46. For which of the following disciplines in Nobel Prize awarded?
    1. Physics and chemistry
    2. Physiology or Medicine
    3. Literature, Peace and Economics
    4. All the above

  47. On which date is Nobel Prize awarded?
    1. December 10
    2. January 10
    3. April 10
    4. July 10

  48. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, awarded the Noble Prize in:
    1. Physics
    2. Economics
    3. Chemistry
    4. (a) and (c)

  49. The committee of the Norwegian Parliament awards the prize for:
    1. Economics
    2. Peace
    3. Medicine
    4. Literature

  50. Dr. Linus Carl Pauling is the only person to have won two Nobel Prizes individually for:
    1. Chemistry in 1954, peace prize in 1962
    2. Peace prize in 1954, Chemistry in 1962
    3. Physics in 154, Medicine in 1962
    4. Medicine in 1954, Physics in 1962

Answers

1. b 2. a 3. c 4. a 5. c
6. a 7. c 8. b 9. a 10. a
11. c 12. a 13. a 14. c 15. b
16. d 17. c 18. a 19. b 20. a
21. d 22. a 23. d 24. a 25. c
26. a 27. d 28. d 29. a 30. a
31. b 32. b 33. a 34. c 35. d
36. b 37. a 38. c 39. c 40. a
41. c 42. b 43. a 44. b 45. a
46. d 47. a 48. d 49. b 50. a

Bermuda or Devil's Triangle

{ Posted on 12:02 AM by Khalique General Knowledge }

The Bermuda Triangle (a.k.a. the Devil's Triangle) is a triangular area inPhoto credit: NASA the Atlantic Ocean bounded roughly at its points by Miami, Bermuda, and Puerto Rico. Legend has it that many people, ships and planes have mysteriously vanished in this area. How many have mysteriously disappeared depends on who is doing the locating and the counting. The size of the triangle varies from 500,000 square miles to three times that size, depending on the imagination of the author. (Some include the Azores, the Gulf of Mexico, and the West Indies in the "triangle.") Some trace the mystery back to the time of Columbus. Even so, estimates range from about 200 to no more than 1,000 incidents in the past 500 years. Howard Rosenberg claims that in 1973 the U.S. Coast Guard answered more than 8,000 distress calls in the area and that more than 50 ships and 20 planes have gone down in the Bermuda Triangle within the last century.

Many theories have been given to explain the extraordinary mystery of these missing ships and planes. Evil extraterrestrials, residue crystals from Atlantis, evil humans with anti-gravity devices or other weird technologies, and vile vortices from the fourth dimension are favorites among fantasy writers. Strange magnetic fields and oceanic flatulence (methane gas from the bottom of the ocean) are favorites among the technically-minded. Weather (thunderstorms, hurricanes, tsunamis, earthquakes, high waves, currents, etc.) bad luck, pirates, explosive cargoes, incompetent navigators, and other natural and human causes are favorites among skeptical investigators.

There are some skeptics who argue that the facts do not support the legend, that there is no mystery to be solved, and nothing that needs explaining. The number of wrecks in this area is not extraordinary, given its size, location and the amount of traffic it receives. Many of the ships and planes that have been identified as having disappeared mysteriously in the Bermuda Triangle were not in the Bermuda Triangle at all. Investigations to date have not produced scientific evidence of any unusual phenomena involved in the disappearances. Thus, any explanation, including so-called scientific ones in terms of methane gas being released from the ocean floor, magnetic disturbances, etc., are not needed. The real mystery is how the Bermuda Triangle became a mystery at all.

The modern legend of the Bermuda Triangle began soon after five Navy planes [Flight 19] vanished on a training mission during a severe storm in 1945. The most logical theory as to why they vanished is that lead pilot Lt. Charles Taylor’s compass failed. The trainees' planes were not equipped with working navigational instruments. The group was disoriented and simply, though tragically, ran out of fuel. No mysterious forces were likely to have been involved other than the mysterious force of gravity on planes with no fuel. It is true that one of the rescue planes blew up shortly after take-off, but this was likely due to a faulty gas tank rather than to any mysterious forces.

Over the years there have been dozens of articles, books, and television programs promoting the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle. In his study of this material, Larry Kusche found that few did any investigation into the mystery. Rather, they passed on the speculations of their predecessors as if they were passing on the mantle of truth. Of the many uncritical accounts of the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle, perhaps no one has done more to create this myth than Charles Berlitz, who had a bestseller on the subject in 1974. After examining the 400+ page official report of the Navy Board of Investigation of the disappearance of the Navy planes in 1945, Kusche found that the Board wasn't baffled at all by the incident and did not mention alleged radio transmissions cited by Berlitz in his book. According to Kusche, what isn't misinterpreted by Berlitz is fabricated. Kusche writes: "If Berlitz were to report that a boat were red, the chance of it being some other color is almost a certainty." (Berlitz, by the way, did not invent the name; that was done by Vincent Gaddis in "The Deadly Bermuda Triangle," which appeared in the February, 1964, issue of Argosy, a magazine devoted to fiction.)

In short, the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle became a mystery by a kind of communal reinforcement among uncritical authors and a willing mass media to uncritically pass on the speculation that something mysterious is going on in the Atlantic.http://dana.ucc.nau.edu/~mlz8/Images/582px-The_Bermuda_Triangle.jpg

C programming mind blowing Questions and answers

{ Posted on 12:02 AM by Khalique General Knowledge }

1.What will be the output of the following code?

void main ()
{ int i = 0 , a[3] ;
a[i] = i++;
printf ("%d",a[i]) ;
}
Ans: The output for the above code would be a garbage value. In the statement a[i] = i++; the value of the variable i would get assigned first to a[i] i.e. a[0] and then the value of i would get incremented by 1. Since a[i] i.e. a[1] has not been initialized, a[i] will have a garbage value.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.
Why doesn't the following code give the desired result?

int x = 3000, y = 2000 ;
long int z = x * y ;
Ans: Here the multiplication is carried out between two ints x and y, and the result that would overflow would be truncated before being assigned to the variable z of type long int. However, to get the correct output, we should use an explicit cast to force long arithmetic as shown below:

long int z = ( long int ) x * y ;
Note that ( long int )( x * y ) would not give the desired effect.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.
Why doesn't the following statement work?

char str[ ] = "Hello" ;
strcat ( str, '!' ) ;

Ans: The string function strcat( ) concatenates strings and not a character. The basic difference between a string and a character is that a string is a collection of characters, represented by an array of characters whereas a character is a single character. To make the above statement work writes the statement as shown below:
strcat ( str, "!" ) ;

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.
How do I know how many elements an array can hold?

Ans: The amount of memory an array can consume depends on the data type of an array. In DOS environment, the amount of memory an array can consume depends on the current memory model (i.e. Tiny, Small, Large, Huge, etc.). In general an array cannot consume more than 64 kb. Consider following program, which shows the maximum number of elements an array of type int, float and char can have in case of Small memory model.
main( )
{
int i[32767] ;
float f[16383] ;
char s[65535] ;
}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. How do I write code that reads data at memory location specified by segment and offset?

Ans: Use peekb( ) function. This function returns byte(s) read from specific segment and offset locations in memory. The following program illustrates use of this function. In this program from VDU memory we have read characters and its attributes of the first row. The information stored in file is then further read and displayed using peek( ) function.

#include
#include

main( )
{

char far *scr = 0xB8000000 ;
FILE *fp ;
int offset ;
char ch ;

if ( ( fp = fopen ( "scr.dat", "wb" ) ) == NULL )
{

printf ( "\nUnable to open file" ) ;
exit( ) ;

}

// reads and writes to file
for ( offset = 0 ; offset < 160 ; offset++ )
fprintf ( fp, "%c", peekb ( scr, offset ) ) ;
fclose ( fp ) ;

if ( ( fp = fopen ( "scr.dat", "rb" ) ) == NULL )
{

printf ( "\nUnable to open file" ) ;
exit( ) ;

}

// reads and writes to file
for ( offset = 0 ; offset < 160 ; offset++ )
{

fscanf ( fp, "%c", &ch ) ;
printf ( "%c", ch ) ;

}

fclose ( fp ) ;

}





Predict the output or error(s) for the following:
1. void main()
{
int const * p=5;
printf("%d",++(*p));
}

Answer:
Compiler error: Cannot modify a constant value.

Explanation:
p is a pointer to a "constant integer". But we tried to change the value of the
"constant integer".

2. main()
{
char s[ ]="man";
int i;
for(i=0;s[ i ];i++)
printf("\n%c%c%c%c",s[ i ],*(s+i),*(i+s),i[s]);
}

Answer:
mmmm
aaaa
nnnn

Explanation:
s[i], *(i+s), *(s+i), i[s] are all different ways of expressing the same idea.
Generally array name is the base address for that array. Here s is the base address. i is the index number/displacement from the base address. So, indirecting it with * is same as s[i]. i[s]
may be surprising. But in the case of C it is same as s[i].

3) Printf can be implemented by using __________ list.

Answer:
Variable length argument lists

4) char *someFun()
{
char *temp = "string constant";
return temp;
}
int main()
{
puts(someFun());
}

Answer:
string constant

Explanation:
The program suffers no problem and gives the output correctly because the character
constants are stored in code/data area and not allocated in stack, so this doesn't lead to
dangling pointers.

5) char *someFun1()
{
char temp[ ] = "string";
return temp;
}
char *someFun2()
{
char temp[ ] = {'s', 't','r','i','n','g'};
return temp;
}
int main()
{
puts(someFun1());
puts(someFun2());
}

Answer:
Garbage values.

Explanation:
Both the functions suffer from the problem of dangling pointers. In someFun1() temp
is a character array and so the space for it is allocated in heap and is initialized with character
string "string". This is created dynamically as the function is called, so is also deleted
dynamically on exiting the function so the string data is not available in the calling function
main() leading to print some garbage values. The function someFun2() also suffers from the
same problem but the problem can be easily identified in this case.

6) main()
{
char a[4]="HELL";
printf("%s",a);
}

Answer:
HELL%@!~@!@???@~~!

Explanation:
The character array has the memory just enough to hold the string "HELL"
and doesnt have enough space to store the terminating null character. So it
prints the HELL correctly and continues to print garbage values till it
accidentally comes across a NULL character.

7) main()
{
int a=10,*j;
void *k;
j=k=&a;
j++;
k++;
printf("\n %u %u ",j,k);
}

Answer:
Compiler error: Cannot increment a void pointer

Explanation:
Void pointers are generic pointers and they can be used only when the type
is not known and as an intermediate address storage type. No pointer
arithmetic can be done on it and you cannot apply indirection operator (*) on
void pointers.

8) void main()
{
char ch;
for(ch=0;ch<=127;ch++)
printf("%c %d \n", ch, ch);
}

Answer:
Implementaion dependent

Explanation:
The char type may be signed or unsigned by default. If it is signed then ch++
is executed after ch reaches 127 and rotates back to -128. Thus ch is always
smaller than 127.

9) Is this code legal?
int *ptr;
ptr = (int *) 0x400;

Answer:
Yes

Explanation:
The pointer ptr will point at the integer in the memory location 0x400.

10) Is the following code legal?
typedef struct a aType;
struct a
{
int x;
aType *b;
};

Answer:
Yes

Explanation:
The typename aType is known at the point of declaring the structure,
because it is already typedefined.

11) Is the following code legal?
void main()
{
typedef struct a aType;
aType someVariable;
struct a
{
int x;
aType *b;
};
}

Answer:
No

Explanation:
When the declaration,
typedef struct a aType;
is encountered body of struct a is not known. This is known as 'incomplete
types'.

12) Is the following code legal?
struct a
{
int x;
struct a b;
}

Answer:
No

Explanation:
Is it not legal for a structure to contain a member that is of the same
type as in this case. Because this will cause the structure declaration to be
recursive without end.

13) Is the following code legal?
struct a
{
int x;
struct a *b;
}

Answer:
Yes.

Explanation:
*b is a pointer to type struct a and so is legal. The compiler knows, the size of
the pointer to a structure even before the size of the structure
is determined(as you know the pointer to any type is of same size). This type
of structures is known as 'self-referencing' structure

14) What is wrong with the following code?
int *foo()
{
int *s = malloc(sizeof(int)100);
assert(s != NULL);
return s;
}

Answer & Explanation:
assert macro should be used for debugging and finding out bugs. The check
s != NULL is for error/exception handling and for that assert shouldn't be
used. A plain if and the corresponding remedy statement has to be given.

15) There were 10 records stored in "somefile.dat" but the following program printed 11
names. What went wrong?
void main()
{
struct student
{
char name[30], rollno[6];
}stud;
FILE *fp = fopen("somefile.dat","r");
while(!feof(fp))
{
fread(&stud, sizeof(stud), 1 , fp);
puts(stud.name);
}
}

Explanation:
fread reads 10 records and prints the names successfully. It will
return EOF only when fread tries to read another record and fails
reading EOF (and returning EOF). So it prints the last record again.
After this only the condition feof(fp) becomes false, hence comes out
of the while loop.


11. How do I write code to retrieve current date and time from the system and display it as a string?

Ans: Use time( ) function to get current date and time and then ctime( ) function to display it as a string. This is shown in following code snippet.

#include

void main( )
{
time_t curtime ;
char ctm[50] ;

time ( &curtime ) ; //retrieves current time &
stores in curtime
printf ( "\nCurrent Date & Time: %s", ctime (
&curtime ) ) ;
}

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12.
How do I change the type of cursor and hide a cursor?

Ans: We can change the cursor type by using function _setcursortype( ). This function can change the cursor type to solid cursor and can even hide a cursor. Following code shows how to change the cursor type and hide cursor.

#include
main( )
{
/* Hide cursor */
_setcursortype ( _NOCURSOR ) ;

/* Change cursor to a solid cursor */
_setcursortype ( _SOLIDCURSOR ) ;

/* Change back to the normal cursor */
_setcursortype ( _NORMALCURSOR ) ;
}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13.
How do I write code that would get error number and display error message if any standard error occurs?

Ans: Following code demonstrates this.

#include
#include
#include

main( )
{
char *errmsg ;
FILE *fp ;
fp = fopen ( "C:\file.txt", "r" ) ;
if ( fp == NULL )
{
errmsg = strerror ( errno ) ;
printf ( "\n%s", errmsg ) ;
}
}
Here, we are trying to open 'file.txt' file. However, if the file does not exist, then it would cause an error. As a result, a value (in this case 2) related to the error generated would get set in errno. errno is an external int variable declared in 'stdlib.h' and also in 'errno.h'. Next, we have called sterror( ) function which takes an error number and returns a pointer to standard error message related to the given error number.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14.
How do I write code to get the current drive as well as set the current drive?

Ans: The function getdisk( ) returns the drive number of current drive. The drive number 0 indicates 'A' as the current drive, 1 as 'B' and so on. The Setdisk( ) function sets the current drive. This function takes one argument which is an integer indicating the drive to be set. Following program demonstrates use of both the functions.

#include

main( )
{
int dno, maxdr ;

dno = getdisk( ) ;
printf ( "\nThe current drive is: %c\n", 65 + dno
) ;

maxdr = setdisk ( 3 ) ;
dno = getdisk( ) ;
printf ( "\nNow the current drive is: %c\n", 65 +
dno ) ;
}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15.
The functions memcmp( ) and memicmp( )

The functions memcmp( ) and memicmp( ) compares first n bytes of given two blocks of memory or strings. However, memcmp( ) performs comparison as unsigned chars whereas memicmp( ) performs comparison as chars but ignores case (i.e. upper or lower case). Both the functions return an integer value where 0 indicates that two memory buffers compared are identical. If the value returned is greater than 0 then it indicates that the first buffer is bigger than the second one. The value less than 0 indicate that the first buffer is less than the second buffer. The following code snippet demonstrates use of both

#include
#include

main( )
{
char str1[] = "This string contains some
characters" ;
char str2[] = "this string contains" ;
int result ;

result = memcmp ( str1, str2, strlen ( str2 ) ) ;
printf ( "\nResult after comapring buffer using
memcmp( )" ) ;
show ( result ) ;

result = memicmp ( str1, str2, strlen ( str2 ) ) ;
printf ( "\nResult after comapring buffer using
memicmp( )" ) ;
show ( result ) ;
}

show ( int r )
{
if ( r == 0 )
printf ( "\nThe buffer str1 and str2 hold
identical data" ) ;
if ( r > 0 )
printf ( "\nThe buffer str1 is bigger than buffer
str2" ) ;
if ( r < 0 )
printf ( "\nThe buffer str1 is less than buffer
str2" ) ;
}